Electric heating elements are materials or devices that directly convert electrical energy into heat or thermal energy through the principle of Joule heating. Joule heat is the phenomenon in which a conductor generates heat due to the flow of electric current. When an electric current flows through a material, electrons or other charge carriers collide with ions or atoms in the conductor, resulting in friction at the atomic scale. This friction then manifests as heat. Joule Lenz law is used to describe the heat generated by an electric current in a conductor. This is represented as: P=IV or P=I ² R
According to these equations, the heat generated depends on the current, voltage, or resistance of the conductor material. Resistance is a crucial factor in the design of the entire electric heating element.
In a sense, the efficiency of electric heating elements is almost 100%, as all the energy provided is converted into its expected form. Electric heating elements can not only transmit heat, but also transmit energy through light and radiation. Considering the entire heater system, the loss comes from the heat dissipated from the process fluid or the heater itself to the external environment.
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Post time: Sep-16-2023